Farsi with Neda: Lesson 6
Calendar
- The Persian calendar months are listed here: Persian Seasons & Months (Wikipedia)
Persian Calendar
The months are aligned with season changes.
- بَهار
- Spring
- فَروَردین
- 21 March--20 April (31 days)
- اُردیبَهَشت
- 21 April--21 May (13 days)
- خُرداد
- 22 May--21 June (31 days)
- تابِسْتان
- Summer
- تیر
- 22 June--22 July (31 days)
- مُرداد
- 23 July--22 August (31 days)
- شهْریوَر
- 23 August--22 September (31 days)
- پاییز
- Autumn
- مِهْر
- 23 September--22 October (30 days)
- آبان
- 23 October--21 Nov (30 days)
- آذَر
- 22 November--21 December (30 days)
- زِنِسْتان
- Winter
- دِی
- December 22--January 19 (30 days)
- بَهْمَن
- January 20--February 18 (30 days)
- اِسْفَنْد
- February 19--20 March (29/30 days)
Gregorian Calendar
Farsi also has transliterated versions of the Gregorian calendar months.
- ژانْوِیه
- January
- فِوْریه
- February
- مارْس
- March
- آوْریل
- April
- مِه
- May
- ژوئن
- June
- ژوئیه
- July
- اُوت
- August
- سیپْتامْبْر
- September
- اُکْتُوبْر
- October
- نُوامْبْر
- November
- دِسامْبْر
- December
Time
- /ساعت، /زمان/
- time
- قبل
- before (prep.)
- قبای
- preceding (adj.)
- بعد
- after (prep.)
- بعدی
- following (adj.)
Meals
- صبحانه، صبحونه
- breakfast
- ناهار
- lunch
- شام
- dinner
Asking About Understanding
- متوجه شدی؟
- did you understand?
- متوجه نشدم
- I didn't understand
- گرفتم
- gotcha, I understand (lit. I caught it)
There's another verb used for understanding, but it's related to the word for 'idiot' and is best avoided:
- فهمیدم
- I understand
- نفهم
- idiot
Numbers
- numbers are pretty regular in Farsi.
- memorise:
- numbers 0-19 (the usual Indo-European irregularity)
- 10 place values
- 20
- بیست
- 30
- سی
- 40
- چهل
- 50
- پَنْجاه
- 60
- شَصْت
- 70
- هَفْتاد
- 80
- هَشْتاد
- 90
- نَوَد
- 100 place values
- 100
- صَد
- 200
- دِویسْت
- 300
- سیصَد
- 400
- چهارصَد (چارصَد)
- 500
- پانْصَد (پونْصَد)
- 600
- شِشْصَد
- 700
- هَفْتْصَد
- 800
- هَشْتْصَد
- 900
- نُهْصَد
- هِزار
- Farsi is like French in that a million is called a میلیارد (milliard) and a billion is called a میلیون (million).
- 1,000,000
- میلیارد
- 1,000,000,000
- میلیون
- compound numbers below 100 are regular (tens place + و + ones place)
- e.g. نود و پنج / ۹۵ / 95
- numbers above 100 are composed similarly to English, by reading out the place values, separated by و (pronounced 'o' in speech).
- e.g. صد و نود و هشت / ۱۹۸ / 198
- compounds of thousands, millions or billions are expressed as a number below 1000 followed by هزار, میلیارد or میلیون respectively:
- e.g. دو هزار / ۲۰۰۰ / 2000
Conversation 1: الان ساعت چنده؟
- امیر: ببخشین کلاس فارسی چه ساعتیه؟
- Excuse me, what time is Persian class?
- بِبَخْشین، بِبَخْشید
- Excuse me
- کِلاسِ فارسی
- Persian class
- چه ساعَتیه؟
- Is at what time?
- مینا: ساعت ده.
- It's at 10am.
- ساعَتِ…
- it's at…<time>
- امیر: تا چه ساعتی؟
- Until what time?
- مینا: تا ساعت یک.
- Until 1pm.
- الان ساعت چنده؟
- What time is it now?
- مینا: ساعت نه و نیمه.
- It's half past nine.
- نیم
- half
- امیر: ناهار چه ساعتیه؟
- What time is lunch?
- ناهار
- lunch
- مینا: از ساعت یک و ربع تا دو.
- From 1:15 til 2.
- … و رُبْع
- quarter past…
- از … تا …
- from… until…
- امیر: یعنی کلاس بعدی بعد از ناهاره؟
- Does that mean the next class is after lunch?
- …ـِ بَعَدی
- the next… <thing>
- بَعَد
- after
- مینا: نه کلاس نعدی یک ربع به چهاره.
- No, the next class is at quarter to 4.
- رُبْع بِه …
- quarter to…
- امیر: تو هم ساعت یه ربع به چهار کلاس داری؟
- Do you have a class at 3:45 as wel?
- نه من فقط صبح کلاس دارم.
- No, I only have a class in the morning.
Conversation 2: امروز چند شنبه است؟
- جان: تاویزبین چه داره؟
- what's showing on TV? (lit. "what does the TV have [to show]?")
- تلویزیون
- TV
- مینا: امروز چند شنبست؟
- what day is it today?
- جان: چهارشنبه.
- Wednesday.
- مینا: الان فیلم داره.
- there's a film on now (lit. "it [the TV] is showing a film")
- فیلم
- film
- جان: فوتبال نداره؟
- is there football on?
- فوتبال
- football
- مینا: نه، فردا فوتبال داره.
- No, there is football on tomorrow.
- جان: جمعه چی داره؟
- what's showing on Friday? (lit "what does it have [to show] on Friday?")
- مینا: جمعه تو ایران تعطیله. تلویزیون فیلم کمدی داره.
- Friday is a holiday in Iran. There are comedy films on TV.
- فیلمِ کُمِدی
- comedy films
- جان: چه روزی اخبار داره؟
- what day is the news on?
- خَبَر (اخبار)
- news
- used in the plural to mean 'news', i.e. 'current affairs'
- مینا: هر روز اخبار داره.
- the news is on every day.
- هَر
- every
- هر روز
- every day
- جان: راستی، دیروز کجا بودی؟
- by the way, where were you yesterday?
- راسْتی
- btw
- مینا: دیروز سه شنبه بود. دانشگاه بودم.
- yesterday was Tuesday. I was at uni.
- دانِشْگاه
- university
- جان: آخر هفته کجایی؟
- where are you this weekend?
- آخَر
- end, last, final
- هَفْته
- week
- آخرِ هفته
- weekend (lit. end of week)
- c.f. اخیراً, used to mean recently in Farsi (it means 'finally' in MSA)
- مینا: فردا و پس فردا خونه ام.
- I'm home tomorrow and the day after.
- خونه
- home
- پَس فَردا
- the day after tomorrow
ّConversation 3
- مهیار: چند شنبه است؟
- What day is today?
- نوید: امروز جمعه است.
- Today is Friday.
- مهیار: چه روزی کلاس فارسی داریم؟
- What day do we have Persian class?
- نوید: یک شنبه.
- Sunday.
- مهیار: فراردا یک شنبه است؟
- Is it Sunday tomorrow?
- نوید: نه فردا شنبه است. کلاس فارسی پس فرداست.
- No, tomorrow is Saturday. Persian class is the day after.
- پَس فَردا
- The day after
Conversation 4
- مهرداد: امروز چند شنبه است؟
- What day is it today?
- رامین: پنج شنبه.
- Thursday.
- مهرداد: چه خوب. فردا جمعه است. فردا تعطیله.
- Nice. Tomorrow is Friday. Tomorrow is holiday.
- تَعْطیل
- holiday